Notes

1. Question 14 marks

   Sampling strategy for a human fieldwork enquiry (4 marks)

   For a human geography enquiry investigating how environmental quality varies across an urban area, justify ONE sampling strategy you would use. [4 marks]

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2. Question 28 marks

   Examine human fieldwork data collection (8 marks)

   Examine the methods you used to collect primary data for a human geography enquiry. [8 marks]

   Level mark scheme:

   Level	Marks	Descriptor
   L1	1–3	Simple list of methods; no clear link to enquiry question.
   L2	4–6	Some explanation of why methods were appropriate; partial coverage of multiple methods.
   L3	7–8	Detailed examination of multiple methods linked to the enquiry question; explicit justification of method choice; evaluative conclusion.

   Indicative content (worked example: environmental quality across an urban area):

   • Environmental Quality Survey (EQS): bipolar scale (-3 to +3) scoring graffiti, litter, noise, traffic, building condition, green space, lighting. Quick, repeatable, gives quantitative output. Subjective — use two scorers to triangulate.
   • Pedestrian count: 5-minute count at each site indicates vibrancy and footfall, complementing EQS.
   • Land-use survey: colour-coded map (residential, commercial, vacant) provides context.
   • Questionnaire: 10 residents per site; Likert 1–5 ratings for perceived safety, satisfaction, services. Captures qualitative perceptions to triangulate with EQS.
   • Mix of quantitative + qualitative + spatial strengthens validity; multiple methods at the same sites enable triangulation.
   • Conclusion: the combination of EQS + questionnaire + secondary IMD data made the enquiry robust — no single method would have been sufficient because environmental quality has both objective (litter, lighting) and perceived (safety, satisfaction) dimensions.
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3. Question 312 marks

   Evaluate the conclusions of a human fieldwork enquiry (12 marks)

   Evaluate the conclusions of your human geography fieldwork enquiry, including limitations of the data and suggested improvements. [12 marks]

   Level mark scheme:

   Level	Marks	Descriptor
   L1	1–4	Simple statement of conclusion; no genuine evaluation; weak link to data.
   L2	5–8	Discussion of conclusion supported by data; some recognition of limitations.
   L3	9–12	Detailed evaluation of conclusion against the original hypothesis; multiple specific limitations and improvements; weighted judgement on validity.

   Indicative content (worked example):

   Conclusion:

   • Environmental quality scores fell from +12 in outer suburbs to -8 near the inner-city ring road, broadly supporting the hypothesis "EQ declines with distance from CBD" — but the relationship was non-linear.
   • Regenerated waterfront site (+15) broke the gradient, showing that regeneration creates exceptions to a simple distance-decay model.
   • High correlation between low EQS and high IMD score (Spearman's rs = 0.81) supports the link between environmental quality and deprivation.

   Limitations:

   • Small sample: 5 sites and 50 residents may not be representative of the whole city.
   • Subjective EQS scoring — different observers can score the same site differently.
   • One weekday only — misses evening atmosphere, weekend behaviour, and seasonal variation.
   • Questionnaire response bias — residents at home during the day may skew demographically (retired, unemployed).

   Improvements:

   • Increase to 10 sites for finer resolution along the transect.
   • Use two independent scorers and average the EQS to reduce subjectivity.
   • Repeat surveys on a weekday evening and a Saturday to capture temporal variation.
   • Stratify the questionnaire sample by age/working status.
   • Run Spearman's rank correlation against IMD to formally test the relationship.

   Conclusion on validity: the findings are robust enough to support the broad conclusion — environmental quality does decline toward the inner city — but the regeneration anomaly and small sample mean the simple Burgess model alone is insufficient. With the proposed improvements, the enquiry would yield a more reliable, generalisable answer.

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