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GCSE/Spanish/AQA

T2.2Customs, festivals and celebrations — Spanish and Hispanic festivals (Las Fallas, La Tomatina, San Fermín, El Día de los Muertos, Semana Santa), food traditions, family celebrations

Notes

Customs, festivals and celebrations — las costumbres y las fiestas

This topic is a gift for cultural notes but also demands careful reading/listening comprehension skills. Examiners set texts about specific Hispanic festivals — knowing key facts scores marks.

Major Spanish festivals

FestivalLocationWhenKey features
Las FallasValenciaMarch 15–19Giant papier-mâché figures (ninots) burnt on the last night; firecrackers (la mascletà)
La TomatinaBuñol (Valencia)Last Wed of AugustMassive tomato fight; 150,000 kg tomatoes
San FermínPamplona6–14 JulyRunning of the bulls (el encierro); red scarves
La Semana SantaNationwideEaster weekReligious processions (procesiones); floats (pasos); penitents (nazarenos)
La Cabalgata de ReyesNationwide5 January eveningThree Kings' parade; children receive gifts on 6 January

Latin American festivals

FestivalCountryKey features
El Día de los MuertosMexico (2 Nov.)Altars (ofrendas), marigolds, sugar skulls; a celebration not mourning
El Carnaval de BarranquillaColombiaUNESCO heritage; music, dance, costumes
El Inti RaymiPeruInca sun festival; celebrated in Cusco

Food traditions vocabulary

  • la tapa — small savoury dish served with drinks
  • el tapeo / ir de tapas — going for tapas
  • el cocido madrileño — Madrid chickpea stew
  • la paella — Valencian rice dish (not a national dish!)
  • el turón — nougat (eaten at Christmas)
  • el roscón de Reyes — Three Kings' ring cake (6 January)
  • el jamón ibérico — cured Iberian ham

Family celebrations

  • la boda — wedding
  • el bautizo — christening / baptism
  • la comunión — first communion (big family event in Spain)
  • el cumpleaños — birthday
  • el aniversario — anniversary
  • felicitar — to congratulate
  • los regalos — gifts

Grammar focus — preterite for narrating events

Use the preterite to describe completed past events (perfect for festival descriptions):

pronouncelebrarir
yocelebréfui
celebrastefuiste
él/ellacelebrófue
nosotroscelebramosfuimos
vosotroscelebrasteisfuisteis
elloscelebraronfueron

Model phrases

  • Las Fallas de Valencia son una de las fiestas más espectaculares de España. — Las Fallas in Valencia is one of Spain's most spectacular festivals.
  • Durante la Semana Santa, la gente sale a la calle para ver las procesiones. — During Holy Week, people go out to see the processions.
  • El Día de los Muertos no es una fiesta triste sino una celebración de la vida. — The Day of the Dead is not a sad festival but a celebration of life.
  • El año pasado fui a la Tomatina y fue una experiencia increíble. — Last year I went to La Tomatina and it was an incredible experience.
  • En mi familia, celebramos la Nochevieja con uvas — una tradición española. — In my family, we celebrate New Year's Eve with grapes — a Spanish tradition.

Cultural notes

Las doce uvas (the twelve grapes): at midnight on New Year's Eve (Nochevieja), Spaniards eat one grape per bell chime for good luck — broadcast live from Puerta del Sol, Madrid. El Día de los Muertos is widely misunderstood as "Mexican Halloween" — it is a distinct pre-Columbian tradition honouring ancestors. La Semana Santa in Seville is internationally famous; the floats can weigh several tonnes and are carried by hidden bearers called costaleros.

Common mistakes

  1. Confusing la fiesta (party/festival) with el día festivo (public holiday) or las vacaciones (holidays).
  2. Writing Semana Santa without the definite article: la Semana Santa.
  3. Using present tense to narrate past festival experiences — switch to preterite.
  4. Saying El Día de los Muertos es en Halloween — it is 1–2 November, not 31 October.
  5. Calling paella a "Spanish national dish" — it is Valencian; this matters culturally.

AI-generated · claude-opus-4-7 · v3-deep-spanish

Practice questions

Try each before peeking at the worked solution.

  1. Question 15 marks

    Matching — festivals and locations

    (F1) Match each festival to its location or key feature.

    1. Las Fallas         A. Pamplona — running of the bulls
    2. La Tomatina      B. Valencia — giant figures burnt on 19 March
    3. San Fermín       C. Nationwide — Easter religious processions
    4. La Semana Santa D. Buñol — massive tomato fight
    5. La Cabalgata     E. 5 January — Three Kings' parade
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    AI-generated · claude-opus-4-7 · v3-deep-spanish

  2. Question 26 marks

    Reading comprehension — El Día de los Muertos

    (F/H2) Read the text and answer in English.

    "El Día de los Muertos se celebra el uno y el dos de noviembre en México y en muchos países latinoamericanos. No es una fiesta triste; al contrario, es una forma alegre de recordar a los difuntos. Las familias construyen altares llamados ofrendas con fotos, flores de cempasúchil, comida y objetos que pertenecían a los fallecidos. La festividad tiene raíces indígenas prehispánicas y fue declarada Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad por la UNESCO en 2008."

    (a) On what dates is the Day of the Dead celebrated?
    (b) How does the text describe the mood of the festival?
    (c) Name three items placed on the ofrenda.
    (d) When did UNESCO recognise it as intangible cultural heritage?

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    AI-generated · claude-opus-4-7 · v3-deep-spanish

  3. Question 34 marks

    Preterite — narrate a festival

    (F/H3) Rewrite these sentences in the preterite tense.

    (a) Voy a las Fallas con mi familia.
    (b) Vemos la procesión de Semana Santa.
    (c) Comemos doce uvas a medianoche.
    (d) Los ninots se queman al final de la noche.

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    AI-generated · claude-opus-4-7 · v3-deep-spanish

  4. Question 412 marks

    Translation — festivals into Spanish

    (H4) Translate into Spanish.

    "Last summer I went to Pamplona for San Fermín. The atmosphere was incredible and the streets were full of people. Although the running of the bulls is dangerous, many tourists come every year to experience it. In my opinion, it is important to respect local traditions even if we do not always agree with them."

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    AI-generated · claude-opus-4-7 · v3-deep-spanish

  5. Question 515 marks

    Writing — describe a festival

    (H5) Write approximately 90 words in Spanish about a Spanish or Latin American festival. Include:

    • what the festival is and where/when it takes place
    • what happens during the festival
    • your opinion and whether you would like to attend.
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    AI-generated · claude-opus-4-7 · v3-deep-spanish

Flashcards

T2.2 — Customs, festivals and celebrations

12-card SR deck for AQA GCSE Spanish topic T2.2

12 cards · spaced repetition (SM-2)