- 3.1.1The challenge of natural hazards
- 3.1.1.1Natural hazards: types of hazard, factors affecting hazard risk
- 3.1.1.2Tectonic hazards: plate tectonics theory, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, contrasting case studies of two recent earthquakes (HIC and LIC/NEE), responses and management
- 3.1.1.3Weather hazards: global atmospheric circulation, tropical storms (formation, structure, distribution), case study of one tropical storm, UK weather hazards and an extreme weather event
- 3.1.1.4Climate change: evidence, natural and human causes, effects on people and the environment, mitigation and adaptation strategies
- 3.1.2The living world
- 3.1.2.1Ecosystems: small-scale UK ecosystem, components, interrelationships, balance, global distribution of large-scale ecosystems (biomes)
- 3.1.2.2Tropical rainforests: physical characteristics, plant and animal adaptations, biodiversity, deforestation case study, sustainable management
- 3.1.2.3Hot deserts OR cold environments: physical characteristics, adaptations, opportunities and challenges of development case study, risks of desertification or fragile environments
- 3.1.3Physical landscapes in the UK
- 3.1.3.1UK physical landscapes: overview of upland/lowland areas and major river systems
- 3.1.3.2Coastal landscapes in the UK: wave types, coastal processes (weathering, mass movement, erosion, transportation, deposition), erosional and depositional landforms, coastal management strategies and an example
- 3.1.3.3River landscapes in the UK: long and cross profiles, fluvial processes, landforms of erosion and deposition, an example of a UK river, flood-risk factors, hydrographs, hard and soft engineering, a flood management scheme
- 3.1.3.4Glacial landscapes in the UK (alternative to coasts/rivers in some routes): erosion, transport, deposition, landforms, economic activities and conflicts, a tourist area case study
- 3.2.1Urban issues and challenges
- 3.2.1.1Global urban patterns: rates of urbanisation, megacities, distribution of large cities
- 3.2.1.2Urban growth in an LIC/NEE city: location and importance, causes of growth, opportunities (social, economic), challenges (slums, services, environment), urban planning case study
- 3.2.1.3Urban change in a UK city: location, importance, opportunities (cultural, social, employment), challenges (inequality, housing, environment), urban regeneration project
- 3.2.1.4Sustainable urban living: features of sustainable cities, urban transport strategies
- 3.2.2The changing economic world
- 3.2.2.1Global development: measures of development, Demographic Transition Model, uneven development causes and consequences, strategies to reduce the development gap
- 3.2.2.2Economic development of an LIC/NEE: location and importance, changing industrial structure, role of TNCs, aid, political and trade relationships, environmental impacts, quality of life
- 3.2.2.3Economic futures in the UK: causes of economic change (de-industrialisation, globalisation, government policy), post-industrial economy, science/business parks, rural change, transport improvements, the north-south divide and UK in the wider world
- 3.2.3The challenge of resource management
- 3.2.3.1Global and UK resource overview: significance of food, water and energy; UK food (imports, agribusiness), water (supply/demand, quality), energy (mix, changing supply)
- 3.2.3.2Food (option): global supply and insecurity, factors affecting food supply, strategies to increase food supply, large-scale agricultural development case study, sustainable food production
- 3.2.3.3Water (option): global supply and insecurity, factors affecting water availability, water transfer schemes, large-scale water-supply scheme case study, sustainable water supplies
- 3.2.3.4Energy (option): global supply and insecurity, factors affecting energy supply, fossil fuels vs renewables, an energy resource extraction example, sustainable energy use
- 3.3.1Issue evaluation
- 3.3.1.1Pre-release booklet skills: critical thinking, weighing evidence, decision-making and justification using sources
- 3.3.2Fieldwork
- 3.3.2.1Two contrasting fieldwork enquiries: physical and human, formulating questions/hypotheses, methods, data presentation, analysis, conclusion and evaluation
- 3.3.3Geographical skills
- 3.3.3.1Cartographic skills: atlas, OS map, compass directions, grid references, scale, contour and relief interpretation
- 3.3.3.2Graphical skills: bar/line/pie charts, scatter graphs, choropleth, isoline, dispersion, climate graphs, population pyramids
- 3.3.3.3Numerical and statistical skills: percentages, ratios, mean/median/mode/range, quartiles and interquartile range, percentiles
- 3.3.3.4Use of qualitative and quantitative evidence: interpretation, evaluation of sources, drawing conclusions, justifying decisions
- P1Paper 1: Living with the physical environment
- P2Paper 2: Challenges in the human environment
- P3Paper 3: Geographical applications