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CCEA GCSE Combined Science revision notes

Concise notes per spec point, written in plain English with worked examples. AI-generated, admin-verified.

  1. B1.1Cells: animal, plant and bacterial cells; cell organelles; specialised cells
  2. B1.2Photosynthesis: equation, factors affecting rate and uses of glucose
  3. B1.3Food and energy: balanced diet, food groups, food tests and energy from food
  4. B1.4Enzymes and digestion: structure of the digestive system; enzymes (amylase, protease, lipase) and bile
  5. B1.5Respiration: aerobic and anaerobic; equations; gas exchange
  6. B1.6Ecosystems and biodiversity: food chains, sampling, the carbon and water cycles, human impact
  7. B2.1The circulatory system: heart, blood vessels and blood; coronary heart disease
  8. B2.2Coordination and control: the nervous system, hormones, homeostasis (blood glucose, body temperature)
  9. B2.3Reproduction, fertility and contraception: menstrual cycle, hormones in reproduction, IVF
  10. B2.4Genetics and DNA: chromosomes, genes, alleles, Punnett squares; inherited disorders
  11. B2.5Variation and natural selection: mutations, evolution, evidence (fossils, antibiotic resistance)
  12. B2.6Disease and the immune system: pathogens, defence, vaccination, antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies (HT)Higher
  13. C1.1Atomic structure: protons, neutrons, electrons; isotopes; electron configuration
  14. C1.2The periodic table: arrangement, groups and periods; trends in Groups 1, 7 and 0
  15. C1.3Bonding: ionic, covalent and metallic; properties of substances and dot-and-cross diagrams
  16. C1.4Structure of matter: simple molecules, giant ionic, giant covalent (diamond/graphite/graphene), polymers, metallic
  17. C1.5Quantitative chemistry: relative formula mass, percentage by mass, conservation of mass
  18. C1.6The mole and stoichiometry (HT): moles, masses in equations and calculations of yieldsHigher
  19. C2.1Acids, bases and salts: pH, neutralisation, salt preparation; titration calculations (HT)Higher
  20. C2.2Reactivity series and metal extraction: reactivity of metals, reduction of metal oxides, electrolysis
  21. C2.3Energy changes: exothermic vs endothermic, reaction profiles, bond-energy calculations
  22. C2.4Rates of reaction: factors affecting rate (concentration, temperature, surface area, catalysts), collision theory
  23. C2.5Organic chemistry: hydrocarbons, alkanes, fractional distillation, cracking, alkenes
  24. C2.6The atmosphere and pollution: composition and evolution of the atmosphere, greenhouse gases, air pollution
  25. P1.1Motion: distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration; motion graphs
  26. P1.2Forces and motion: Newton’s laws, free-body diagrams, F = ma
  27. P1.3Density: solids, liquids and gases; particle theory and density calculations
  28. P1.4Kinetic theory: states of matter, changes of state, specific heat capacity and latent heat
  29. P1.5Energy: stores and transfers, KE, GPE, conservation of energy and efficiency
  30. P1.6Work, power and the National Grid: W = Fd, P = E/t, transformers in the grid
  31. P2.1Waves: transverse vs longitudinal, v = fλ; reflection, refraction and the EM spectrum
  32. P2.2Light and sound: refraction in lenses, ray diagrams; loudness and pitch
  33. P2.3Electricity: current, p.d., resistance, Ohm’s law; series and parallel circuits
  34. P2.4Mains electricity: ac/dc, plug wiring, fuses, the National Grid
  35. P2.5Magnetism and electromagnetism: magnetic fields, Fleming’s left-hand rule, simple motors and generators
  36. P2.6Atomic structure and radioactivity: alpha, beta, gamma; half-life; uses and dangers of radiation
  37. P2.7Earth and space: solar system, life cycle of stars, red shift and the Big Bang theory
  38. PS.1Apparatus and techniques across biology, chemistry and physics — safe and accurate use
  39. PS.2Designing investigations: variables, control variables, hypotheses, repeats and reliability
  40. PS.3Recording, processing and presenting data; choosing appropriate graphs and charts
  41. PS.4Analysing results: drawing conclusions supported by data, identifying anomalies
  42. PS.5Evaluating investigations: limitations of methods, sources of error, suggested improvements